Well, the motor is an interference type, so when the cam timing is out, there is a tendency for the valves to contact the tops of the pistons. As a result, it is very possible that there is additional damage. If you have not run it much in this state, maybe not great. But I suspect you might be looking at problems like bent valve stems and dented piston tops if there is any significant run time on the motor with the cam timing off.
There might be some other way to figure it out, but the way I am used to on this is to pull the heads and look.
pax, smn