If you have a multimeter, now is the time to put it to use. Check random points in the line starting at the speakers and heading towards the head unit. (If all of the speakers are dead, you can probably rule out the theory that EACH speaker tap shorted at
exactly the same time (
common sense troubleshooting), so I'd start with verifying that the wires out of the head unit are putting out a signal; if so, then check the amp.)
I don't know how the stock sound system is set up (I get to do mine soon, but right now I'm fine with $ in the pocket and only 2 front speakers), but the amp may only power the rear speakers & sub or possibly just the sub. (I'm just flat out guessing on that one; I figure it'd be a wiring nightmare to send the signal
all the way back to the amp, then 2 taps back to the front speakers, but stranger things have happened.)
Finally, a note about a failing amp: it rarely ever just goes
kaput without some warning. An overdriven amp will often "clip" for an extended period of time (I had one take over 6 months to die). This entails strange volume fluctuations out of nowhere accompanied with dropping of sound that sounds kind of like a CD skipping. If you can sing along with the music and it stays constant through the skipping (i.e., if the sound cuts in and out but keeps time with what you're singing), the amp is dying. If you & the music don't meet up, the head unit is skipping.
If the system didn't do any of this before just going out, you might want to do some testing before replacing; it might save you some $.
(I have limited car knowledge, but the 1 1/2 years of audio tech support I did still comes in handy.)
(I never realized I might talk too much until seeing my recent posts...d*mn, I'm long-winded.
)