There is a sealed clutch pack attached to the pinion of the rear differential. There is a ball and ramp system that is engaged electronically to lock up and release the clutches to provide torque to the rear wheels. There is an AWD relay module that dirwclty controls this clutch. The pcm tells the relay module how to operate the Active Torque Coupeling Clutch (the clutch on the rear differential.)
The system is supposed to be "predictive" in that if the pcm thinks wheel spin is posible up front, it will engage the rear. I forget what the exact parameters are.
Here is a cut away if you like that stuff.
Going by the picture, that's a beefy looking clutch pack.