Unfortunately the only method discussed in the factory service manual for pulling diagnostics from the HVAC system is via a scan tool. There used to be a sequence of button presses that would enter a self diagnostic mode, but apparently the new system does not have such a feature.
The fuse for the climate controlled seats is fuse F22 (30A) in the Battery Junction Box, hot at all times. This appears to be the only fuse for the Dual Climate Controlled Seat Module.
There are some comments in the service manual that would suggest the driver's seat has an issue that is setting a diagnostic code though:
"Both the driver and front passenger climate controlled seats are independently controlled by the DCSM . The climate controlled seat system only operates with the engine running above 350 rpm, however, if using a scan tool to command the DCSM , diagnostic testing can be carried out with the ignition on and engine off. The DCSM does not time out. The DCSM receives voltage from the Battery Junction Box (BJB) on 2 separate circuits. If one pin does not receive voltage, both seats will remain operational because the voltage supply circuits are internally connected in the DCSM .
"If a fault occurs setting a DTC, only the affected seat will be disabled by the module. If the system shuts down due to a DTC fault, cycling the ignition OFF and then ON again will reset the DCSM to function until the DTC resets."
-Rod