Happened this way for me: (94 3.0L Manual)
Coming out of a parking lot in early-spring conditions. Attempting to accelerate, hit a patch of ice. Tire spun out, then hit a patch of uncovered damp pavement and caught. Something in front went "BANG!' loudly, and from then on the car moved with a heavy, repeating **** and sounded like the transmission was full of gravel.
Through a combination of friends and insane luck, was able to locate another transmission. Originally intended to rebuild the failed unit once it was swapped out, until we got it out and discovered the damage.
Entire case around the Diff cracked, with a large hold. Eight-inch hole between diff and clutch compartment. two-inch hole ripped out of the diff carrier.
Not sure what to do with the old transmission at this point. Replacement is working okay, syncro seems to be weak but otherwise drives normally.
(Sorry for the image comments; originally created these to post to Facebook for the non-car public.)